books.google.fr - In the fields of documentation and conservation of cultural heritage assets, there is a constant need for higher quality records and better analytical tools for extracting information about the condition of artefacts. Digital photography and digital image processing provide these capabilities, and recent...http://books.google.fr/books/about/Digital_Heritage.html?hl=fr&id=NL43AJYToD0C&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareDigital Heritage Page
CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 PART 2 CHAPTER 7 3.7 3.8 3.9 DIGITAL
ACCESS TO A PHOTOGRAPHIC ... the Past Decade Conclusion References
USER REQUIREMENTS FOR METRIC SURVEY Paul Bryan (English Heritage, ...
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PREFACE This book is about digital photography and digital image processing,
and how they are being applied to ... tours of a historical site by combining
imagery with annotations, text, and sound through an interactive graphic user
interface.
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In the first of the three parts, the book rightly emphasises user requirements. This
is achieved through a series of chapters covering the historical development of
digital imaging in several heritage fields: research and general libraries, ...
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... PART 1 USER REQUIREMENTS Digitising Documents for Public Access Neil.
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In providing access to its incomparable collections through digitisation and the
web, the BL must reflect the varying requirements of its core user groups and
deliver digital services accordingly. This chapter reviews the strategic, policy and
...
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For the BL, digitisation offers an important way to open up its unique heritage
collections, and make more widely accessible items of national ... The challenge
is how to create a complete digital resource that offers a rich experience for users
.
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In this new strategy, newspapers have grown in importance owing to user
demand and the development of new technologies to extract content from digital
newspaper pages. The Library has been successful in obtaining funding for two
major ...
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To illustrate how the BL's strategic objectives, its developing digitisation strategy
and its user-centred approach are being put ... would document a wealth of UK
achievement and heritage in the fields of the sciences, culture and social
diversity.
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As has been described, the primary approach to digital capture in the Collect
Britain project is the digitisation of the original materials. However, the largest
single collection within ... interactive performance with users. The BL selected
System ...
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Very large or complex images are delivered with Zoomify, a bandwidth-friendly
browser which enables users to examine the images in fine detail. Figure 1.7
shows the functional architecture of the processing with the CMS at its centre.
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... items, known as Digital Library Objects (DLOs), from selection through
digitisation and metadata creation through to return of the original item to its
storage location. ... 1.6 The Users Who are the 'Lifelong Learners' of NOF's 1.5.5
Workflow.
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Users. Who are the 'Lifelong Learners' of NOF's specific target audience? The
term 'lifelong learners' has come into common use without being clearly defined –
some now prefer the term 'adult independent learners'. In planning the project ...
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The following areas were tested: Navigation □ By looking at the Home Page, do
users get a sense of what kind of site this is and what they can do there? □ By
looking at the pages for collections, Virtual Exhibitions and Themed Tours, ...
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Image manipulation □ Is it obvious to users how to use the zoomable image
interface? □ Can users easily get back to the original image after using the
zoomable image? Content search □ Do users find and understand the simple
Keyword ...
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The more experienced, motivated or informed user would be expected to travel
the Collections pathway and be presented with 'orthodox' search strategies. The
more casual learner would probably travel the Themed Tours pathway or the ...
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... Victorian music hall songs, and sound recordings of Cockney accents among
others. Other themed tours currently available are 'Lost Gardens' and 'On the Trig'
. 1.6.3 How do we reach the users? The Collect Britain. Themed Tours Pathway.
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Users had the facility to enter an email address to receive updates after the
addition of significant new content, ... NINCH Guide to Good Practice in the
Digital Representation and Management of Cultural Heritage Materials http://
www.nyu.edu/ ...
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... on cultural heritage materials http://www.tasi.ac.uk/advice/advice.html PADI –
Preserving access to digital information(These guidelines on digitisation provide
a major source of further reading.) http://www.nla.gov.au/padi/topics/69.html User
...
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But in order to function as intended, digitised surrogates must instil their
prospective 'end-users' with the same confidence ... 2.3 Challenges There are
various challenges facing those who would assemble ideal digital capture
system: capital ...
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... of users on the widest variety of computer platforms and with the greatest
number of image-reading software packages. ... To summarise the previous
discussion: □ Digital surrogates are, in various compelling ways, superior to
earlier forms ...
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[15] Conversion from analog to digital formats of what were known as academic '
35 mm slide libraries' also concentrated on finding ... All these manifestations
helped the ultimate users of digital images to imagine the possibilities of
digitisation.
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Importantly, Octavo's Online Capture System supports a large number of
simultaneous imaging specialist users, ... follows that the addition of valuable
enhancements to the images will be further appreciated by the 'end-users' of
digital images.
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Transcriptions, cleverly sandwiched in a separate graphical layer beneath the
digital images, permit a high degree of navigation across an entire book. Search
algorithms allow users to find character strings using simple term-matching as
well ...
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The immediately preceding discussion emphasises the growing pressure by the
end-users of digital images for additional values that make digital images of rare
books more than merely a collection of 'pretty pictures'. The added values can ...
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It is recognised by museum curators as being the image of choice when
describing cultural heritage objects. ... now that it has been put in place, users
have difficulty in working without it, and the association of a digital image with the
record of ...
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Unfortunately, because of the physical arrangement of the digital archive, known
as the Image Arena, this structure has to ... a user creating or searching for
images can associate some meaning for quality, creation method and creation
date.
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Because there are potentially many different areas and a wide variety of uses for
digital images, a simple base standard has been established. ... Neither can it
ever be assumed that the final user of the images will undertake this task. Indeed
it ...
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These features will provide a unique way of classifying and accessing images of
cultural heritage objects. There are two classes of user of digital content in the
museum, the general academic researcher who needs to visualise objects, and
the ...
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as external users, would benefit immensely from a Digital Asset Management (
DAM) system. As the volume of ... In general, digital asset management appears
to be essential for the success of digitisation projects in the cultural heritage
sector.
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Digital. Access. to. a. Photographic. Collection. Andrea de Polo and Sam Minelli
... Especially on the Internet, many users have focused their work to create and
use content provided on-line by those enterprises and educational institutions.
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Content enables digital products and services for the 'new economy' to stand out,
and therefore it is a significant factor for the added value of those ... approach so
that users can preview low-resolution images, enlarge the details, and print.
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The distinctive features of the new service are as follows: □ Consultation of the
digital database requires entry of the username/password. □ The registered user
may then browse with access to images via the XLImage tool for zooming large ...
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Professional and for profit business users such as: stock agencies,
photographers, webmasters, designers, journalists, editors ... users). Images are
selected by the professional team and picture curator from the archive. All digital
files carry out ...
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In the market, there are several tools to retouch the files automatically (ASF
Digital ROC, Extensis's Intellihance, Grain ... Thereby, images can finally be
compressed with benefits to the content provider (and end user) such as: □
Small file size ...
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4.5.2 Free text search This function enables the user to query the system by
means of one or more key terms, which can be combined using Boolean
operators (and, or, ...). 4.5.3 Analytic search The analytic search is divided into
two sections: ...
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The absence of a client-server architecture reduces the level of interaction for the
user. A new project targeting this interactivity will be soon undertaken by the
2KAN consortium. JPEG2000 is described in greater detail in Chapter 12.
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It covers the full process of planning and implementing an image digitisation
programme: □ User requirements and process flow analysis; □ Business
models; □ Digital camera selection; □ Change management; □ Digital colour ...
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as Digital Cameras for Studio Photography. ... developed and refined the method
over the past 20 years, working with most of the major manufacturers of digital
cameras. ... User Requirements for Metric Survey Paul Bryan 6.1 Introduction I.
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User. Requirements. for. Metric. Survey. Paul Bryan ... It is now a recognised fact
that, within any heritage conservation project, survey data of an appropriate level
will always be needed. Understanding a site can range from a rapid overview ...
Page 6-2
These satellites continually orbit the earth approximately once every 12 hours,
broadcasting navigation signals from an altitude of 20 200 km. In its simplest form
, GPS works by simultaneously measuring the distance between the user's ...
Page 6-3
the user's receiver and a minimum of four orbiting satellites. This enables the
unknown position of ... Here, the data source is the visual image itself, in either its
traditional film-based photographic or digital-based form. When combined with a
...
Page 6-4
In its simplest form, the process relies on assumptions by the user about the
object being surveyed, such as the verticality of an ... The use of digital
photography within the heritage sector is becoming increasingly accepted as an
alternative to ...
Page 6-13
... (requiring additional scanning) or a digital camera with appropriate resolution,
and appropriate software tools on a standard personal computer, the user is ...
Produced by Bob Smith from the Collections Management team, English
Heritage.
Page 6-20
Table 6.1 Comparision of advantages and disadvantages of digital survey
techniques. ... The purpose of the survey; □ The content and level of detail
required; □ The application by other users involved in the project; □ Which
techniques are ...
Page 6-21
Requires processing software to stitch accurately the overlapping digital images
Can use standard film and digital ... and end-users to remain 'up-to-date'
Extensive world-wideresearch and development currently being undertaken on
both ...
Page 7-1
When is a device called digital? From the user's point of view, the following
definition seems to be applicable: Digital devices are able to create, process or
present digital information to the outside world. The manner in which the
information is ...
Page 7-7
Mobile digital cameras need some kind of mass storage to store the images in a
durable way. ... camera management functions must be fulfilled, such as memory
and power management and control of the lens, display and user interface.
Page 7-12
In Germany in 2003 nearly 7 million cameras were sold, of which more than 70
per cent were digital. These numbers indicate that for most users, both amateurs
and professionals, digital cameras had reached a level of performance where ...
Page 7-26
An input profile describes the colour characteristics of an input device, such as a
digital camera or a scanner. ... its input profile into the image so that colours on
the printed photograph may later be interpreted to look as the user expects.
Page 8-3
The infrared vidicon cameras could be attached to a PC to grab their output, and
the cut-and-paste procedure to assemble the subimages of reflectograms could
be made through the graphic user interface to the computer. This was much ...
Page 8-30
little more than 10 years ago, digital image processing (IP) was the art of a
restricted circle of initiates. ... The consequence is that IP has become available
to a much broader community of users, with software packages that allow
sophisticated ...
Page 9-7
Image resizing is one of the most common image processing tasks encountered
in practice. Many practical situations require an amount of resizing, either to
enlarge or to reduce the image. Users may want to place their high quality
pictures on ...
Page 9-15
The advent of the Web has created new opportunities for the use of digital
imagery. This combination of technological capability and user demand has led
to a need for systems which are adept at handling large collections of digital
images.
Page 9-16
Images may also be loaded interactively by a user, either as individual images or
batches of images, for instance as a download from a digital camera or the
contents of a PhotoCD. As a side effect of loading the images the image
database ...
Page 9-22
Delivering images to interactive applications places additional requirements on
the image database delivery mechanism in order to support a fluent user
experience. Some applications simply want to display the image, others want to
acquire ...
Page 9-24
Although the advent of broadband has made network access faster for many
users, this has had the effect of ... DIG35 Specification, Metadata for Digital
Images,[3] is a comprehensive metadata standard developed by an industry
group.
Page 9-29
It needs to be able to store images securely and allow users to search for and
retrieve them. The complexity arises from: □ The different formats in which
images can exist, and the different capabilities of those formats in representing
both the ...
Page 9-33
Controlled vocabularies; □ User accounts; □ Metadata schema; □ Image
transformation and encoding specifications. These are managed through the
Database Administration Service, implemented as an interactive application. A
method is ...
Page 9-36
An ImageGroup is a less rigorously defined set of images with some user-defined
attributes in common. ImageEnsemble and ... DIG35 Specification, Metadata for
Digital Images, DIG35 Working Group, Draft 2.0 Beta June 2000 4.
Page 9-38
The architecture of colour management permits a choice for the user as to
whether accuracy or pleasantness is to be ... but for heritage photography and
other media, a number of considerations arise which this chapter attempts to
address.
Page 9-56
[23] The issues involved in digital camera characterisation have been discussed
by MacDonald and Ji [24] and MacDonald, et al.[25] See also Chapter ... To
create a profile, the user identifies data for both source and destination. This
normally ...
Page 9-58
application is capable of doing this and whether the user has configured it to
apply any embedded profiles or to ignore them. In a workflow where a large
proportion of images shares a small number of profiles, the embedding of profiles
may be ...
Page 12-12
This means that the user will be able to access images of high quality and large
size very quickly, even when there is a reduced connection bandwidth. Figure
12.10 Histograms of the DAL-F-000250-0000 original TIFF file and the
compressed ...
Page 12-19
Figure 12.17 Examples of images from the Resistance Information System. Top:
Illustrierter Beobachter 1939, Series 48, Page 1707; Bottom: Sectional zoom with
LuraDoc Viewer. 12.7.4 User interface The Resistance Information System's ...
Page 12-26
Usefulness is the degree of suitability of a reproduced image to satisfy the user's
task. Different tasks place different demands on a person viewing an image, and
therefore have different quality criteria. For example, when reading text on a ...
Page 12-27
Therefore, quality assessment for multimedia must consider not only the quality of
individual components (monomedia) but also the level of integration and how
well they collectively meet the interactive needs of the user. Because image ...
Page 12-28
A multimedia performance metric must take into account all parameters needed
to meet the user's performance objectives.[5] For ... They may be computed from
experimental results or from measurement data or from the digital image itself.
Page 12-44
... subject (see also Chapter 6). The principles are equally applicable to both
conventional (film-based) and digital photography. ... User requirements have to
be considered in order to select the appropriate photographic technique. The
level of ...
Page 12-61
More precise control of image quality is possible by image preview, with the help
of a histogram function, user-adjustable exposure and flexible sharpness control.
After the user agrees to the preview, the image is transferred to a gallery and ...
Page 12-64
VIPS contains an extensive image-processing library together with a graphical
user interface nip. Compared with ... Sites of historical importance were chosen to
cover a wide range of imaging requirements in the field of cultural heritage.
Page 12-65
... and software components under field conditions (measuring the degree to
which they satisfy the user requirements). ... a particular type of heritage
requirement in a real environment (such as photographing a tall stained glass
window that ...
Page 12-100
Feature extraction and image segmentation provide useful tools for information-
based retrieval from large image databases (see Chapters 4 and ). The user can
input a single image that is successively segmented, against which the database
...
Page 12-101
[28] The VIPS algorithm, originally developed for stitching images of canvas
paintings, follows a semi-automatic approach where the user provides the
software with matching points (landmarks or tie-points) in the two images and the
software ...
Page 12-104
... such as rectangles, semicircles, ellipses, etc., for which an accurate match may
be obtained with minimal user supervision. ... This chapter has shown how digital
photography and image processing may be applied to stained glass windows.
Page 12-108
layout of an application's graphic or textual controls in conjunction with the way
the application responds to user activity.[4] Realising that human operators and ...
human understanding of the world and a series of digital signals. Following this ...
Page 12-112
We can identify at least five methods of organising and presenting digital cultural
heritage. Step 1 – The Standard Catalogue A series of ... Step 3 – Tours Tours
are created either by users or by curators. They are a simple and effective way to
...
Page 12-113
We have seen from the examples above that digital cultural heritage may offer
new possibilities for interpretation (dynamic ... The topic of artistic license is also
relevant when aiming to provide a convincing user experience, where it is more ...
Page 12-117
In 2002, UNESCO launched a new initiative on 'Preserving Our Digital Heritage',
which has culminated in 2003 in a ... to the role of the user interface design as a
means to increase usability, accessibility and the enhancement of the overall ...
Page 17-3
A first constraint is that the user has only one viewpoint, located at the midpoint of
the main axis of the cylinder supporting the panorama. Furthermore, since what
one sees with cylindrical panoramas emulates the limited horizontal and vertical
...
Page 18-33
A digital camera fixed at the apex of the dome is used to make a set of 24 images,
one with each of the lights switched on, Figure ... The PTM viewer software allows
the user to select a lighting position and thus see the result of illuminating the ...
Page 18-39
A further refinement of the process, which takes advantage of the availability of
digital images in both the visible and infrared regions, is the 'colourising' of
infrared images to make the ... 146] the user to control the blending of the visible
and.
Page 18-46
In contrast, digital cameras have, until recently, been capable of making only
much lower resolution images, although they ... A new user-interface and colour
calibration system were written for the MARC II camera and from 1999 to 2002,
the ...
Page 18-57
The IMPACT2 call was designed to encourage memory institutions to work with
publishers to develop digital ... to build a database of multimedia files, which
could then be navigated in different ways according to the interests of the user.
Page 18-66
Let us try to imagine how this might be different in a brave new world that is on
the way to self-aware digital objects, ... For such a famous site, the user would
expect a 3D navigable model or 'fly through', which would make it possible to see
...
Page 18-67
The divide between 'two cultures' [16] is still visible and effective in the digital
heritage arena, where many cultural ... Display, Publishing and Distribution User-
customised virtual galleriesPre-built 'template' virtual galleriesMultilingual and ...
Page 18-68
acquisitionBorn digital scenesMontage, composite objects'User facing' capture
technologies viewsCross-media ... and domainProfessional interpretation of
artefacts support reconstruction of heritage events, scenes and artefacts content ...
Page 18-79
... 469 Graphic representation, 245 Graphic user interface (GUI), 386, 446 Graves
, Norfolk, 167 Green copper resinate, ... 40 Handheld scanner, 493 Hard-copy
media, 309 Harvesting system, 269 Heritage conservation, 550 Heritage media, ...
Page 18-81
... 264 Intelligent user-friendly interfaces, 552–553 Interaction design, 559
Interactive user interface, 270, 348 Interface, 446, 559 Interface design, 445–448
Interline transfer (IT), 186 International Color Consortium (ICC), 47, 48, 134, 144,
314, ...
Page 18-90
Unsharp masking (USM), 122 Usability criteria, 354, 401, 445, 447 USB port, 183
Usefulness, 355 User interface, 446, 559 ... 62 Virtual exhibit, 52 Virtual
experience, 450 Virtual heritage, 448 Virtual montage, 389 Virtual restoration,
234, 489, ...